Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran Archives of Iranian Medicine 1029-2977 28 10 2025 10 01 Lessons from the Past: Examining the Historical Context of Trachoma Management in Iran (1925–1941) 599 606 10.34172/aim.34404 EN Roshanak Saghebi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5459-7904 Seyyedeh Zahra Adabinia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6301-1191 Morteza Mojahedi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-5925 Jamal Rezaei Orimi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-5552 Zahra Aghabeiglooei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8467-4202 Journal Article 10.34172/aim.34404 2025 04 18 2025 09 21 Trachoma was one of the most prevalent infectious illnesses in Iran during the first Pahlavi era, causing widespread suffering and blindness. This research aims to investigate the background of dealing with trachoma in Iran from 1925 to 1941. It seeks to answer questions about trachoma by using descriptive and analytical methods, drawing on documents and evaluating historical data. The results of the research show that during the first Pahlavi era, due to the serious health situation, there was a pressing need to address trachoma and take necessary steps. The government worked in a number of sectors to tackle the trachoma epidemic, including preventive measures, establishment of medical centers, budgetary approval and legislation approval, activities of ophthalmologist, and scientific research. Trachoma treatment involves general strengthening, local treatment (drugs, surgery, electrotherapy), and treatment of complications. The most important drug used to combat trachoma was sulfate de cuivre (copper sulfate). Lack of organized institutions, failure to correctly diagnose the disease, infrastructural issues, and centralist government policies, insufficient financial resources, and inadequate budget allocation were significant obstacles against eradicating and fighting the disease. From 1925 to 1941, the Iranian government made significant efforts to combat trachoma, but limited resources and infrastructure hindered long-term effectiveness. However, these early efforts laid the groundwork for future public health programs.